Inventor of the telephone in 1876.
First cinema. Doubt on birth time (alternative time 15:30).
Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1913 for work on anaphylaxis (his term for the sometimes lethal reaction by a sensitised individual to a second, small-dose injection of an antigen). This research helped to elucidate problems such as hay fever, asthma, and other allergic reactions to foreign substances.
French neurologist.
French internist. In 1896 he identified a disease he called paratyphoid fever, and was able to isolate the cause to a microbe named salmonella paratyphi.
French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist who was one of the closest collaborators of Louis Pasteur
French surgeon.
Electromagnetic radiation (Maxwell equations).
French neurologist. His most enduring work is that on hypnosis and hysteria. Charcot believed that hysteria was a neurological disorder caused by hereditary problems in the nervous system. He used hypnosis to induce a state of hysteria in patients and studied the results, and was single-handedly responsible for changing the French medical community's opinion about the validity of hypnosis (it was previously rejected as Mesmerism). Sigmund Freud was one of his students.
Leading theoretical physicist and expert on particle physics, string theory and cosmology. Birth time and place unknown.
A pioneer in the field of radioactivity, the first twice-honored Nobel laureate (and still today the only laureate in two different sciences), and the first female professor at the Sorbonne.
Fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics.
Contemporary researchers of Tesla have deemed him "the man who invented the twentieth century" and "the patron saint of modern electricity."
Professor of theoretical physics at Cambridge. Research fields: theoretical cosmology and quantum gravity, black holes etc. Paralysed by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Note grand trine Mer-Sat/Ura-Nep.